ABSTRACT
Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) may have cognitive, sensitive, behavioral, communicative, and convulsive disorders. Because defensive reflexes are reduced by CP, the risk of orofacial trauma is greater in these individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of orofacial injuries resulting from trauma in patients with CP. This review was reported according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO-CRD42022293570). The search was performed for articles published until January 2023 in Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Gray literature was also consulted through Google Scholar, OpenGrey, ProQuest Dissertations, and Theses. Studies in which orofacial injuries due to trauma were prevalent in individuals with CP were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. Additionally, a random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. Twelve studies were included in the synthesis, of which nine presented a low risk of bias and three presented a moderate risk. When considering the general prevalence of orofacial injuries in patients with CP, a prevalence of 34% [95% CI = 18%-52%; I2 = 98%] was observed, with enamel and dentin fractures being the most common orofacial injuries. Approximately one in three patients with CP showed at least one type of orofacial injury involving dental trauma. There is a lack of literature assessing the prevalence of these traumas in soft tissues and the evidence for this outcome remains uncertain.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Palsy , Facial Injuries , Humans , Cerebral Palsy/complications , Prevalence , Facial Injuries/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Background: Intestinal mucositis is one of the most common and important side effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Currently, there are still no specific and effective protocols for its prevention and treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of oral administration of Lacticaseibacillus casei (L. casei) on the progression of 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. Methods: L. casei (1x109 CFU/ml) or saline was orally administered to Swiss mice, beginning 15 days before intestinal mucositis induction by single intraperitoneal 5-FU administration (450 mg/kg). Body weight, number of peripheral leukocytes and fecal lactic acid bacteria were monitored. After euthanasia, on day 18, tissue samples from colon and each small intestine segment were collected for histopathology. Jejunal tissues were collected and evaluated for iNOS and TNF-alpha immunoexpression, IL-1-beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels, malonaldehyde (MDA) accumulation, invertase activity and factor nuclear kappa B (NFkB-P65) gene expression, toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4), mucin-2 (MUC-2), occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). Results: The positive impact of L. casei on 5-FU-induced leukopenia was observed, but not on 5-FU-induced weight loss in mice. L. casei reduced 5-FU-induced inflammation in the colon and small intestine (p<0.05). Decreased TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6 (p<0.05) and MDA (p<0.05) levels, as well as decreased iNOS and TNF-alpha protein expressions (p<0.05) were found in the jejunum from L casei group. In addition, L-casei down-regulated NFKB-P65 (p<0.05) and TLR-4 (p<0.05) gene expressions and up-regulated MUC-2 and mucosal barrier proteins occludin and ZO-1 gene expressions (p<0.05). Furthermore, greater lactic acid bacteria population (p<0.05) was found in the L. casei group when compared to control groups. Conclusion: Oral L. casei administration can protect the intestine of Swiss mice from 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis, thus contributing to overall health.
Subject(s)
Lacticaseibacillus casei , Mucositis , Mice , Animals , Fluorouracil/pharmacology , Mucositis/chemically induced , Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics , Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Occludin/metabolism , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Intestine, Small/metabolism , Colon/pathologyABSTRACT
O estudo objetivou analisar as estruturas curriculares dos cursos de Odontologia da região Nordeste e investigar a presença do componente curricular Odontologia para Pacientes com Necessidades Especiais(OPNE). Trata-se de um estudo seccional, descritivo e quantitativo. Os dados foram coletados entre junho e dezembro de 2020 no sítio eletrônico do Ministério da Educação (e-MEC) e nos portaisdas instituições de ensino identificadas,comanálise das estruturas curriculares dos cursos. Havia138 cursos de Odontologia autorizados e cadastrados na plataformaedestes, seteforam excluídos por ausência de portal atualizado ou por ainda não ter formado pelo menos umaturma. Dos 131 cursos de graduação em Odontologia analisados, verificou-se que 62 IES (47,30%) ofertavam o componente OPNE, dentre as quais53 (40,50%) o ofertavam como componente obrigatório.O estado da Paraíba apresentou a maior frequência (n=13, 86,7%) de cursos que ofertam o componente curricular, enquanto o estado de Sergipe obteve a menor frequência (n=1, 16,7%).Conclui-se que o componente curricular OPNE é pouco ofertado nos cursos de graduação em Odontologia na região Nordeste,o que pode impactardiretamente na capacitação dos profissionais para prestar um melhor cuidado de saúde bucal para essa população (AU).
The study aimed to analyze the curricular structures of the Dentistry courses in the Northeast region and investigate the curricular component named DPSN (Dentistry for Patients with Special Needs). This is a sectional, descriptive and quantitative study. The data were collected between June and November 2020 on the Ministry of Education's (e-MEC) website and the educational institutions' portals identified by analyzing the curricular structures of the courses. There were 138 authorized Dentistry courses registered on the platform; and, of these, seven were excluded for lack of an updated portal or for not having at least one formed class. Of the 131 analyzed undergraduate courses in Dentistry, it was found that 62 HEI (47.30%) offered the DPSN component, among which 53 (40.50%) offered it as a compulsory component. The state of Paraíba showed the highest frequency (n=13, 86.7%) of the courses offering the curricular component, while the state of Sergipe obtained the lowest frequency (n=1, 16.7%). It is concluded that the DPSN curricular component islittle offered in the undergraduate courses in Dentistry in the Northeast region and directly impacts professionals' training to provide better oral health care for this population (AU).
